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Ferrari Doors
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Suicide Your Ride
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FreeCarKits.com
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well.
http://www.freecarkits.com |
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Mobile Phones:
Most current mobile phones connect to a cellular network of
base stations (cell sites), which is in turn interconnected
to the public switched telephone network (PSTN) (the
exception are satellite phones). Fully automatic cellular
networks were first introduced in the early to mid 1980s
(the 1G generation). The first fully automatic cell phone
system was the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) system,
introduced in 1981.
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Prior mobile telephones
(the so-called 0G generation), such as Mobile Telephone
Service, date back to 1945. These were not categorized as
cellular phones, since they did not support handover, i.e.
automatic change of channel frequency in the middle of a
call, when the user moved from one cell (base station
coverage area) to another.
Until the mid to late 1980s, most mobile phones were
sufficiently large that they were permanently installed in
vehicles as car phones. With the advance of miniaturization,
currently the vast majority of mobile phones are handheld.
In addition to the standard voice function of a telephone, a
mobile phone can support many additional services such as
SMS for text messaging, email, packet switching for access
to the Internet, and MMS for sending and receiving photos
and video.
Mobile phone manufacturers include Apple Inc., Audiovox,
Benefon, BenQ-Siemens, High Tech Computer Corporation,
Fujitsu, Kyocera, 3G, LG, Motorola, NEC, i-mate, Nokia,
Panasonic (Matsushita Electric), Pantech Curitel, Philips,
Sagem, Samsung, Sanyo, Sharp, Siemens, SK Teletech, Sony
Ericsson, T&A Alcatel, T-Mobile, and Toshiba.
There are also specialist communication systems related to,
but distinct from mobile phones, such as Professional Mobile
Radio. Mobile phones are also distinct from cordless
telephones, which generally operate only within a limited
range of a specific base station. Technically, the term
mobile phone includes such devices as satellite phones and
pre-cellular mobile phones such as those operating via MTS
which do not have a cellular network, whereas the related
term cell(ular) phone does not. In practice, the two terms
are used nearly interchangeably, with the preferred term
varying by location. There are many different networks on
mobile phones. Some are pay as you go, where top-ups can be
purchased and added to a phone unit, so there is no monthly
bill. Many are "pay monthly", where a bill is issued every
month for the amount of calls and text messages made.
The concept of using hexagonal cells for mobile phone base
stations was invented in 1947 by Bell Labs engineers at AT&T
(see History of mobile phones) and was further developed by
Bell Labs during the 1960s. In 1970 Amos Joel of Bell Labs
invented "call handoff" that allowed a mobile phone user to
travel through several cells during the same conversation.
Martin Cooper of Motorola is widely considered to be the
inventor of the first practical cell phone for handheld use
in a non-vehicle setting. Using a modern, if somewhat heavy
portable handset, Cooper made the first call on a handheld
cell phone on April 3, 1973. At the time he made his call,
Cooper was working as Motorola's General Manager of its
Communications Division.
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